Objective To investigate the species distribution, population density, breeding habits and seasonal fluctuation of mosquitoes in Ningde, providing the basis for prevention of insect-borne diseases. Methods The investigation was conducted in compliance with the mosquito species investigation program set forth by the Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Results Mosquitoes of 47 species, 9 genera were captured from such breeding places as rice fields, rivers, water pits, bamboo zones, sewers, discarded cans and tires in Ningde. The predominant species in residential areas were Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Cx. pipiens quinquefasciatus, Anopheles sinensis and Armigeres subalbatus. The density of adult mosquitoes averaged 27.67 per labor-hour and peaked in July with a maximum of 92.00 per labor-hour. The predominant species was Cx. tritaeniorhynchus. Conclusion The species distribution, density of adult mosquitoes in residential areas and seasonal dynamics were identified in Ningde.

Objective The host animals and vector insects were monitored for early detection of plague epidemic and timely implementation of control measures. Methods Live rats were captured with cage traps, and taxonomically identified. The liver, spleen and sera samples were collected from the rats for detection of F1 antibodies and fleas. The rodent density, flea?carrying rate and flea index were then calculated. Results The dominant species of indoor rats were Rattus norvegicus and R. tanezumi, and the ones of outdoor rats were R. losea and Bandicota indica. The average rodent density, indoor and outdoor, reached 7.46% and 2.90%, respectively. The average flea?carrying rate of indoor rats was 42.00% with the total flea index of 1.19. The significantly dominant parasitic flea was Xenopsylla cheopis. Conclusion Although the species composition of hosts and vectors in historically epidemic areas remained stable with low density and a declining flea index, it is desirable to perform the monitoring for timely detection of abnormal signals, so as to implement the necessary measures to prevent the recurrence of plague.

Objective To investigate the distribution of gamasid mites and chigger mites on rodents in Sanduao island of Fujian.Methods Rodents were captured alive with cages,and the mites parasitized on the rodent were collected and identified.Results 6769 gamasid mites collected belonged to 4 family,8 genus and 13 species,and 31 580 chigger mites collected belonged to 1 family,2 genus and 6 species.The density of gamasid mites parasitized on Niniventer fulvescens was the highest,and the dominant mite species were Laelaps turkestanicus and L.fukienensis.The infested rate and the infested index of chigger mites to Rattus rattoides and N.fulvescens was all higher,and the dominant species parasitized on R.rattoides was Leptotrombidium scutellare and that on N.fulvescens was L.pallidum.The infested rate of gamadis mites to R.rattoides in bushes and mountainous regions was 86.67% and the infested index was 9.99,which were higher compared to the infested rate of 68.57% and the infested index of 6.86 in paddy fields.The infested rate of chigger mite to R.rattoides in bushes and mountainous was 93.14% and the infested index was 128.30,which were higher compared to the infested rate of 36.90% and the infested index of 29.03 in paddy fields. L.echidninus and L.nuttalli appeared in the whole year without obvious seasonal changes. L.fukienensis, L.turkestanicus, L.scutellare, L.pallidum,Doloisia guangdongensis and L.allosetnm were all active in winter and spring while Haemolaelaps chinensis only appeared in winter,and L.deliense appeared in summer and autumn when the temperature was comparatively higher.Conclusion 13 species of gamasid mites and 6 species of chigger mites were found on the rodents in Sanduao island,and the changes of species composition and population density was affected by host,habitats and seasons.

Objective To investigate species,distribution of flies and the intestinal bacteria borne by the flies in Ningde to provide a basis for controlling flies and preventing infestinal infectious diseases.Methods Using cages to entrap flies in urban and insect nets to catch them outside the urban three times every month,classifying them and then caculating the group density and isolating pathogenic bacteria.Results 115 species were caught belonging to 51 genera and 6 families and the average density of flies was 234.9 per cage with the highest density at garbage dump and slaughter house.Flies were active throughout the year and there were 2 peaks of the density in April-May and October,with bacterium positive rates of five common flies reaching nearly 100%,which accorded with the peak seasons of intestinal infectious diseases.Conclusion Garbage dump and slaughter house are especially notable circumstance and April and October are important seasons for controlling flies and preventing intestinal infectious diseases in Ningde.

Objective In order to provide useful information for prevention and control of tsutsugamushi to study its geographical epidemiology.Methods First,the live mice in field were captured to test chigger mites.Second,the species distribution of the animal hosts and the insect vectors were analysed.Third,the PCR technology was used to detect the pathogen,and then the blood serum of mice and human being was collected to monitor the antibody to tsutsugamushi.Results The investigation indicated that there were 17 species of animal hosts in our region where the chigger mites could be divided into 2 families,10 genus,29 species.There were some places where the two kinds of tsutsugamushi epidemics,one of which was caused mainly by L.deliense outbreaking often in summer and autumn,the other was caused mainly by L.scutellare outbreaking often in winter and spring,both belonged to the infection type of natural focus.Conclusion We found out the primary animal host of the parasites,and much important information on the chigger mite vector and the main host animals of tsutsugamushi with species,quantities,geographical distributions,population distributions and the laws of the epidemic.

The paper reports that the little animals subordinate to Order Rodentia Muridae 9 species, Order Insectvora Soricidae 2 species in Mindong cultivation region. The space disposition of population from residential quarters of border zone to hilly area shrub forest region, successively: Rattus norvegicus, Mus musculus, Rattus flavipectus flavipectus, Suncus murinus, Rattus rattoides exiguus, Apodemus agrarius ningpoensis, Chimarrogale platycephala lander, Rattus niviventer confucianus, Rattus fulvescens huang, and Rattus edwardsi edwardsi. The parasites outside of Rats are Chigger mites subject 2 families, 3 subfamilies, 12 genus, 27 species in which Leptotrombidium shuigui is a new species, Euschoengastia alpina is a new record of our province, Gamasid mites subject 3 families, 11 genus, 13 species. Fleas subject 2 pulicoidea 4 families 9 genus 11 species.